apt is a command-line utility for installing, updating and removing packages on Debian, and related Linux distributions. It performs a similar function to apt-get, but with some additional functions, conveniences, and features. Most of the apt commands must be run as a user with sudo privileges. Syntax Below is the [...]
On 64 bit Linux kernel, division (/) and modulus operator (%) will behaved as expected. GCC C compiler generates code that calls functions in the libgcc library to implement the / and % operations with 64-bit operands on 32-bit CPUs. Linux kernel is not linked against the libgcc library, so [...]
Sometime we want to know the file name of the script which we are executing in bash scripting. One such scenarios is use the file name for logging purpose, without hardcoding the name of the script file. In the below example, readlink prints out the value of a symbolic link. [...]
Various debugging technique are available for Linux Kernel Debugging. Most common of them is adding log and printing them using printk. This post list various technique which are useful for debugging a issue. Adding Additional Log printk is similar with printf on C standard library. It can be called from [...]
Linux supports various configuration options for debugging Linux Kernel. Some of these options are not supported on all the platforms. Some of the available configuration options are CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL This option just makes other debugging options available; it should be turned on but does not, by itself, enable any features. CONFIG_DEBUG_SLABThis [...]
Introduction export command in Linux marks an environment variable to be exported with any newly forked child processes and thus it allows a child process to inherit all marked variables. Frequently Used Options -p : List of all names that are exported in the current shell-n : Remove names from [...]
The source command read and execute commands from the filename argument in the current shell context. When a script is run using source it runs within the existing shell, any variables created or modified by the script will remain available after the script completes. In contrast if the script is [...]
The time command in Linux runs the specified program command with the given arguments. When command finishes, time writes a message to standard error giving timing statistics about this program run. It shows Elapsed real time between invocation and terminationUser CPU time, i.e. amount of CPU time spent in user [...]
The /dev/null device is a special file that discards all data written to it but reports that the write operation succeeded. It is typically used for disposing of unwanted output streams of a process. This is usually done by redirection. /dev/null is creaetd every time on system boot. From the [...]
Hard link and Soft link (Symbolic link) in Linux are two different methods to refer to a file in the hard drive. Inode Each file has one inode that contains information about that file, including the location of the data belonging to that file. Every file must have at least [...]